Tag Archives: Marin

Plant of the day: two eyed violet

There’s not much that is prettier than a glade filled with violets. They are tougher than they look – two eyed violets like serpentine soil, as well as grassy meadows or rocky hillsides. I saw the ones pictured here growing on the edge of a redwood forest, under some pepperwood trees. Two eyed violets (Viola ocellata) are distinctively named, as they can be distinguished from all other local violets by the two purple spots on their lateral petals. According to the Marin Flora, there is only one other purple violet in the area, and it lacks the paired spots. All the other violets around are yellow.

These little beauties are endemic to the north-western parts of California, and even though they look like a fragile annual they are actually perennials!

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The countless blooms of concrete pipe trail

Really this is an unpaved access road, not a trail – but it’s a great spot to see a wide variety of wildflowers right now. In fact, it is the steep road cut that seems to account for much of the diversity. From the weedy forget-me-nots growing along the seep spring near the beginning of the road, you’ll pass through many different combinations of sun, shade and soil. The level road curves around the canyons and hills of the Marin Municipal Water District, and different flowers appear around every curve. I went out with my parents (happy mother’s day mom!) and we saw jewel flower, Chinese houses, Larkspur, linanthus, woodland star, iris, and many many more. There was a dry, rocky hillside with tall sticky monekyflower bushes laden with  blooms, through which a morning glory vine had grown so its large white flowers floated on a sea of orange. In a damp ravine, crimson columbine grew in a garden of other flowers including purple iris and forget-me-nots. When I got home, my plant list had 81 species on it, and 53 of those had been in flower!

This is an easy hike since it’s flat, but you can turn it into a more vigorous outing by connecting up with the network of trails that extends down into Deer Park or up onto the rest of the MMWD property – you could go all the way to the top of Mt. Tam if you wanted to!

To get there, head up the Bolinas-Fairfax road as if you were going to Bon Tempe Lake, but at the turnoff to the lake instead park in one of the limited pullouts on the downhill side of the road. Concrete Pipe Trail starts on the other side of the gate.

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Plant of the day: common woodland star

This delicate flower boasts five raggedy white petals on a long bare stem. Common woodland star (Lithophragma affine) is a member of the Saxifragaeae family, as was yesterdays post.  The woodland star is a little more “typical” of the family, with its elegant white flowers and long, mostly leafless stem. But because of its tendency to sprawl rather than grow upright, I wasn’t sure if my hunch that it was a saxifrage was right until I looked it up. It also lacks the multiplicity of obvious stamens mentioned in the previous post.

There is another very similar species in Marin – the hillside woodland star (Lithophragma heterophyllum). You can most easily distinguish the two because the hillside woodland star has a tendency to sprout little bulbs, or “bulblets,” in the joint where the leaf meets the stem. Also if you look at the back of the flower (the “hypanthium,” you can see that the common woodland star joins the stem gradually whereas hillside woodland star flattens off dramatically at the back, so the stem attaches on to a nearly flat surface like a pencil set on the middle of a plate.

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Plant of the day: flax

This delicate, pale blue flower is a common sight in sunny, grassy areas in the Bay Area. The distinctive form of flax makes it hard to confuse with anything else. Telling one flax from another is very tricky though! To identify Linum bienne versus Linum usitatissimum you need to get out your tweezers and hand lens and see whether the styles (the central female reproductive bits) are fused at the base. If they are not, then you have L. bienne.

Both species look very similar, with delicate petals and the darker veins that streak them being almost lavendar in hue. The five stamens’ anthers are a true, bright blue, and the many needle-like leaves cling closely to the stalk. L. bienne has smaller flowers, about 2cm across instead of 3cm.Sadly, this pretty little flower isn’t native; both species were introduced from the Mediterranean…

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Plant of the day: large-flowered star tulip

Here is another mariposa lily, this one seen in a low moist meadow near Bon Tempe lake. Calochortus uniflorus, or the large-flowered star tulip. You can tell it from the Oakland star tulip (which I wrote about last week) because it grows in wet meadows instead of on rocky slopes or damp hillsides. Both flowers have delicate, lightly hairy petals. Though the coloring can overlap, the large-flowered star tulip trends more towards purple while the Oakland star tulip is in the white to pale lavender range.

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Plant of the day: spotted coralroot

Small, leafless coralroot plants may easily go unnoticed, as they blend in to the forest floor. But sharp-eyed hikers will spot these diminutive orchids growing in the understory, often beneath redwoods. What’s really nifty about Corallorhiza maculata is that they don’t photosynthesize – they don’t have any chlorophyll at all. Instead they depend entirely on mycorrhizal fungi for their food. The fungi, in turn, get much of their nutrients from a symbiotic relationship with nearby trees. Plants that feed on fungi in this way are called “mycotropic.”

In addition to spotted coralroot, striped coralroot also grows in Marin. Unlike the orchid-like flowers of its spotted cousin (which has several brownish petals above a pale tongue with dark burgandy patches) the petals of striped coralroot all look quite similar – and they are (you guessed it) noticeably striped.

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Plant of the day: calypso orchid

Peeking from the redwood duff, a calypso orchid. Calypso bulbosa, also known as a fairy slipper. This beautiful denizen of the woods is shy but not uncommon. It lifts its nodding head above the forest floor on a smooth purple stem, one or two green leaves lying flat at its base. And what a fearsome-looking flower!

The color can vary from pale pink to deep rose, but around here they are usually lilac-colored. A spikey crown flares upward like a punk-rocker halo. This crown is composed of petals, sepals and bracts all indistinguishable. Beneath, a lilac lobe juts forward, an awning over the burgandy-spotted pouch below. Tucked under the awning are anthers, which are designed to adhere to detach and stick to the backs of foraging insects. It turns out that Calypso orchids are tricksters – their shape suggests to passing insects that they may have nectar, but in fact, they don’t. Yet they depend entirely on this trick for pollination!

A Calypso orchid may live for up to five years (though usually less) and it dies back to its underground corm, or root-like structure, each summer. A new leaf is produced in the fall, and it flowers in the spring. It has a tremendously wide range. You can find it across western and northern United States, Canada, Japan and northern Europe.

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Plant of the day: sticky monkey flower

Have you seen those pale orange flowered bushes that are common in the hills of Marin? Yes, the ones with the dark green and the tubular flowers with a flaring rim like a musical instrument. This is Mimulus aurantiacus (aka bush monkey flower or sticky monkey flower). You won’t find it in the Peterson guide, since it’s technically a bush not a wildflower – but the blooms are pretty and if you pick it for a bouquet you’ll learn where it got its name from when your hands come away sticky. It likes to grow in brushy areas and chaparral, flat places and narrow steep ravines.

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Plant of the day: seep-spring monkey flower

True to its name, this cheerful yellow flower is most often found growing on moist hillsides, along streambanks, and in other wet places. With reddish spots displayed inside it’s splayed lower lip,  Mimulus guttatus (also called common monkey flower) is easy to spot. Its tubular yellow flowers are folded at their opening, like the mouth of a sock puppet. Though joined at the base, they split at their ends into five or six petal-like lobes (depending on whether or not the central lower petal is divided). The plant itself is often dinky (as few as 2 inches high) but it grows up to knee height – three feet if it’s really happy.

There are many other mimulus in the area, but this is the only one that is yellow and has smooth leaves. Tomorrow I’ll write about sticky monkeyflower: the other most common mimulus.

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Plant of the day: pussy ears

Here’s another Calochortus to go with yesterday’s star tulip. You can see there is a very strong family resemblance! You also can see where this flower got its name, with such heavily furred ear-shaped petals.

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Pussy ears (Calochortus tolmiei) is the only pale-colored Calochortus (cream or pinkish) in Marin that is NOT listed as a rare species. It is a beloved woodland sight, growing under mixed the spreading boughs of oaks or in redwood forest or even among the small scrubby trunks of chaparral. Even though it is more common, it’s always a treat because of its delicate and distinctive look. You can tell it’s in the lily family, since its petals are in groups of three. Plus, the three broad petals alternate with very long and very narrow sepals, which is the signature look of  most Calochortus.

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